The FBI responded by successfully applying to a United States magistrate judge , Sherri Pym, to issue a court order, mandating Apple to create and provide the requested software. Apple announced their intent to oppose the order, citing the security risks that the creation of a backdoor would pose towards their customers. In response to the opposition, on February 19, , the U. Department of Justice filed a new application urging a federal judge to compel Apple to comply with the order. The same day, Apple revealed that it had discussed with the FBI four methods to access data in the iPhone in early January, but one of the more promising methods was ruled out by a mistake during the investigation of the attack.
After the shooter's phone had been recovered, the FBI asked San Bernardino County, the owner of the phone, to reset the password to the shooter's iCloud account in order to acquire data from the iCloud backup. However, this rendered the phone unable to back up recent data to iCloud unless its pass-code is entered. The San Bernardino County District Attorney, Michael Ramos, filed a brief claiming the iPhone may contain evidence of a possible third shooter and a "dormant cyber pathogen" that could have been introduced into the San Bernardino County computer network.
On March 28, the Department of Justice announced that it had unlocked the iPhone and withdrew its suit. National reactions to Apple's opposition of the order were mixed. In March , the Los Angeles Times reported that "the FBI eventually found that Farook's phone had information only about work and revealed nothing about the plot. Initial news reports and witness accounts following the attack led to a search for up to three shooters, but police eventually determined that there were only two since only two firearms were used in the attack according to ballistics evidence.
Immediately following the shootout that killed the perpetrators, investigators in armored vehicles at the perpetrators' townhouse considered ordering an evacuation, but instead ordered the neighborhood to shelter in place and cordoned off the area. No one was found; the reports may have been from officers at the scene. On February 18, , the FBI revealed that they have not ruled out the possibility of a third shooter, but clarified that they are continuing to operate under the assumption that only two shooters were involved.
Some witnesses who claimed to have seen three gunmen at the Inland Regional Center continued to assert their accounts. Marquez converted to Islam in Federal prosecutors allege that in , Farook and Marquez conspired to carry out shooting and bombing attacks at the library or cafeteria at Riverside Community College , where both were students, and on rush-hour traffic on California State Route 91 in Corona.
This plan was abandoned after three men in the Inland Empire were arrested for their plan to kill Americans in Afghanistan. By , Marquez spent most of his time in Farook's home, listening to, watching, and reading radical Islamist propaganda, including Inspire magazine, the official publication of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula AQAP , and videos produced by Al-Shabaab as well as the sermons of Anwar al-Awlaki.
On November 29, , Marquez entered into a sham marriage with Mariya Chernykh, a Russian woman who arrived in the U. Early on December 5, , federal authorities searched Marquez's Riverside home under a federal search warrant. On December 17, , Marquez was arrested and charged in the U. District Court for the Central District of California with three federal criminal counts: conspiracy to provide material support for terrorism i. He faces a maximum of 50 years in prison if convicted on all of the charges.
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Marquez initially pleaded not guilty to all of the charges against him. Marquez also admitted to plotting with Farook the alleged abandoned terror plots in As part of the plea agreement, the government agreed to dismiss the marriage fraud charges. Attorney explained that while he understood the father's pain, the government did not have enough sufficient evidence to prosecute Marquez for more serious offenses. The sentencing hearing was initially set for November 6, , [] but it was postponed to February 26, , four days before. Syed Raheel Farook, the brother of gunman Rizwan Farook, 31; his wife Tatiana Farook, 31; and her sister Mariya Chernykh, who was Marquez's "wife" in the sham marriage, were all subject to an investigation into Chernykh's sham marriage with Marquez, which arose during the investigation into the attack.
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Raheel Farook served in the U. Navy in the Iraq War from to , and was awarded two medals for service during the War on Terror. He was described by friends and neighbors as sociable and extroverted compared with his brother Rizwan. In , he married Tatiana, a Russian citizen who immigrated to the U. Tatiana had first settled into Richmond, Virginia , immediately after arriving into the U. There, she married another man, but the couple divorced in and Tatiana moved to southern California, where she met Raheel. In California, she began launching several businesses, including a kiosk in The Shops at Montebello , a shopping mall.
Mariya Chernykh, the younger sister of Tatiana Farook and also from the village of Vysokiy, left Russia and entered the U. In late , Chernykh and Marquez were set to be interviewed by immigration officials. As a result, according to the indictment, Raheel Farook created a fraudulent back-dated lease agreement that claimed the two were living with him and his wife since their marriage.
Raheel and Tatiana Farook also allegedly staged family photos of Chernykh and Marquez, and established a joint transaction account for them.
Prosecutors allege that on December 3, the day after the Inland Regional Center attack, Tatiana Farook lied to investigators about Chernykh and Marquez's marriage. On February 18, , the FBI searched a residence belonging to Raheel Farook, but did not comment on the exact nature of the search.
On April 28, , the Farooks and Chernykh were arrested and charged with conspiracy to knowingly make false statements under oath with respect to immigration documents. All three pleaded not guilty to the charges against them in a federal court in Riverside. The day following her arrest, Chernykh posted her bail, but she was transferred to the custody of the U. Immigration and Customs Enforcement by the U. Marshals Service and is being held at Adelanto Detention Center. Attorney Eileen Decker issued a statement, saying that the charges arose from the investigation into the attack.
The indictment alleged that Chernykh paid Marquez to enter into a sham marriage to obtain U. Attorney's Office said in a statement that Raheel and Tatiana Farook conspired in the sham marriage by "witnessing Marquez and Chernykh's wedding, taking staged family pictures of Marquez and Chernykh, establishing a joint checking account for the couple and creating a back-dated lease for Marquez and Chernykh to create the illusion that they shared a marital residence.
Chernykh pleaded guilty to conspiracy, perjury, and two counts of making false statements. In January , Raheel Farook pleaded guilty to one felony count of conspiracy to commit immigration fraud, arising from his making of a false statement in support of Chernykh's application for permanent residency. Both were initially set to be sentenced on November 13, , [] [] but this was postponed to March 19, , three days before. On March 18, , California State Assemblyman Freddie Rodriguez of the Joint Legislative Committee on Emergency Management conducted a hearing in which first responders were to share details of the response to the attack and possible aspects that could be improved on.
During the hearing, Michael Madden, a lieutenant with the San Bernardino Police Department and one of the first responders to respond to the Inland Regional Center, requested state aid in encrypting police radio channels. He explained that police communications were playing out real-time across the U.
According to Madden, this put first responders at risk, as potential suspects could have been monitoring the communications and tracking the actions of law enforcement. He added that the City of San Bernardino, as well as San Bernardino County, were moving towards a radio system that will incorporate encrypted frequencies.
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President Barack Obama called for "common sense" gun safety laws and stronger background checks as part of a bipartisan effort to reduce the frequency of such shootings. After the shooting, some Democrats sought to tighten federal gun control regulations, "laying blame on a culture that allows even people who are not permitted to board airplanes to buy guns with ease," while some Republicans criticized what they believe to be "the Obama administration's unwillingness to come to terms with the true threat posed by Muslim extremists.
The families of the shooting victims reacted to President Obama's executive action to tighten gun regulation and expand background checks. A number of family members expressed support for the plans as necessary and long overdue, while a few doubted whether they would reduce gun violence. Prior to the attack, a measure was sponsored by Senator Dianne Feinstein ; it would allow the U. The so-called "Feinstein Amendment" came to the Senate floor one day after the attack, but failed on a party-line vote , with Democrats in favor and Republicans opposed.
Senate floor, regarding federal gun control legislation. In the press conference, Meins asserted her support for gun control and questioned the Senate's vote against the Feinstein Amendment, explaining that more than 2, terror suspects were able to purchase firearms since The New York Times published a front-page editorial, the first in 95 years, which called for gun-control measures.
Sulzberger, Jr. On April 20, , California state lawmakers gave initial approval to five gun control bills, which outlawed assault weapons with detachable magazines, prohibited the sale of rifles with the " bullet button " device, banned possession of magazines holding more than ten rounds, required the collection of information on people intending to buy ammunition for any kind of firearm, and required improvised firearms to be registered with the state and given a serial number.
The measures have been opposed by a number of politicians and gun rights organizations such as the National Rifle Association and Gun Owners of California. The city police were one of seven law enforcement agencies on the scene, and it is uncertain which agency fired what bullets. On May 31, , federal prosecutors filed a lawsuit against Farook's family.
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This lawsuit would allow them to seize both the proceeds of two life insurance policies and the policies themselves held by Farook, both of which listed Farook's mother as the beneficiary. A federal judge must approve an application before the government can seize the money. On May 5, , a group created by San Bernardino County announced plans for a memorial dedicated to the victims and survivors of the attack, as well as the first responders involved. Groundbreaking was slated to begin on June 2, the six-month anniversary of the attack.
Hours after the attack, classes were canceled at California State University, San Bernardino and at Loma Linda University following a bomb threat that was called in to the university's medical center, where many injured victims were being treated. On December 15, after the Los Angeles Unified School District received a threat of attack by "explosive devices" and other means, Superintendent of Schools Ramon Cortines ordered the closure of all schools in the district for the day. Cortines cited the San Bernardino incident as an influence in his decision to close the schools.
On September 9, , the Police Foundation and the U. On the one-year anniversary of the attack, it was reported that a number of survivors were accusing San Bernardino County of cutting off support for them.
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This included a lack of access to counseling or antidepressant medication, the injured attempting to get surgeries approved and physical therapy covered, a lack of assistance in dealing with a complex compensation workers' program, and health insurers refusing to cover injuries because they occurred during an act of workplace violence. A county spokesman denied the accusations and said, "The county is, and always has been, committed to ensuring our employees get all the care they need.
The remembrance bicycle ride continues to be held every December 2. Later that morning, over people at the Inland Regional Center held a moment of silence outside the building. Following the attack, county offices, including the Department of Public Health, were closed the remainder of the week, with only the most essential services remaining open.
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California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in San Bernardino County, since roughly 35 percent of the Department of Public Health employees were among those killed or wounded in the attack, and the attack left the county with very few health inspectors to do critical work.
The emergency declaration will allow the state of California to send in additional health inspectors for assistance. About 2, local residents gathered at a candlelight vigil at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino the day after the attack.