Other Sources. Searching for a military member by name is often the easiest method of finding the information you seek. It is helpful to know the full name of the individual in question, their birth date, and the years in which they served. This link provides further information on what these records contain and specifically how to request the records. You will need to request these records from the National Archives and Record Administration. The registers generally provide name, rank, and varied military service information.
The older registers provide more detailed information and the Registers between the s and s provide Service Numbers, a key piece of information when requesting service records from this time period. The Directories give information on the officer assignments, whether they are on a ship or at a shore establishment, and can also give squadron assignments for aviators. The Navy Department Library holds Directories from to These provide no more than a name and how much the individual received. In addition to civilians, commissioned officers are listed, but the information provided corresponds generally with what can be found in the Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps.
This source is particularly valuable for identifying officers assigned as naval attaches. The Navy Department Library has a collection ranging from to Callahan, Edward W. New York: L. Hammersly, Lewis R. Coverage of a number of outstanding officers of the late 18th and early 20th centuries, as well as some enlisted personnel, also is provided.
It is estimated that the careers of 35, separate individuals are documented to some extent in these files. The contents of individual files range from extensive to sparse, sometimes only containing a single piece of paper. The contents of individual files include official biographies written by the Office of Naval Information, Change of Command or Retirement programs from special events held on the Washington Navy Yard, and a few obituary notices from the Washington Post. It should be noted that this collection derives from a considerably larger collection of officer biographies held by the Operational Archives of the Naval History and Heritage Command.
The general rule for the division of the two collections is World War II, with the Navy Department Library having the older biographies and the Operational Archives having the more recent biographies. However, there is considerable temporal overlap between the two collections.
Accordingly, if one collection does not have a biography, the other collection might. A full listing of the manuscript collection is available through this link. Along with these official records, they are a resource for Oral Histories and a collection of personal papers of prominent naval personalities. Below are links to information on Oral Histories and Personal Papers. US Naval Academy Nimitz Library - The Special Collections and Archives division of the Nimitz Library also has a manuscript collection that includes the personal papers of a select few naval personalities.
This link will provide information on who to contact for court martial records and board of review records. Many of the resources in this section are described in greater detail in other sections of this guide; however it is helpful to know a general outline where records may be found by timeframe. National Archives and Record Administration I - Official service records for Navy commissioned officers separated in or before , and Navy enlisted personnel in or before , are held by the National Archives and Records Administration at their Washington, DC, location.
Many items are available on microfilm. United States. Naval War Records Office. Office of Naval Records and Library.
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They are available in print in many academic libraries and have been digitized as a part of the Making of America collection at Cornell University. Above is the link to the collection. The National Archives College Park, Maryland location houses many of the documents related to Korea and Vietnam, such as deck logs and unit histories.
The Naval History and Heritage Command holds 30 years worth of documents, such as deck logs and unit histories. Information regarding this service may be found on the Navy Personnel Command website. Searching for individuals by the office they held can be difficult; however the Navy Department Library offers resources both online and in print. Both senior military officers and civilian officials are represented in the lists. These charts date from the s to the s.
They provide little more than a name and the office they occupied, but are a wealth of resources for organizational structure. Official Register of the United States. Washington, Coletta, Paolo. American Secretaries of the Navy. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, Love, Robert, ed. The Chiefs of Naval Operations. Reynolds, Clark. Famous American Admirals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Cogar, William.
Dictionary of Admirals of the U. Permits you to temporarily mark select Posts for easy and quick visibility. This is especially useful for comparison shopping while considering options. Hilighted Posts and are automatically deleted after 6 hours.
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On the morning of 20 May, while the liner steamed toward Liverpool through a heavy fog, a torpedo struck her without exploding. Although the U-boat, apparently also taken by surprise, reversed her screws and tried to turn to avoid a collision, she lightly struck the liner's hull and scraped along her side before diving out of sight.
Kroonland immediately began shelling the U-boat, forcing the submarine to dive for safety. In September, elements of the U. Though it is not clear what immediate impact this had on Kroonland , [] it is known that the liner was operating as a U. Kennedy Company.
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Cooking and toilet facilities also had to be greatly expanded to handle the large numbers of men aboard. After problems with crew discipline aboard Army transports Antilles and Finland when they were torpedoed, the U. Navy, led by the recommendations of Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves , insisted that all troop transports be manned entirely by Navy personnel. This was accomplished soon after, to avoid the need for what Gleaves called "ignorant and unreliable men" who were "the sweepings of the docks". Simons in command. Martha Washington and Powhatan —two transports that sailed from Newport News, Virginia —rendezvoused with Kroonland ' s group.
South Dakota provided the convoy with protection until its arrival in France on 12 May. Kroonland returned to New York on 1 June. The convoy was escorted by the cruisers North Carolina and Frederick , and the destroyers Stevens and Fairfax ; the battleship Texas and several other destroyers joined in escort duties for the group for a time.
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The convoy had a false alarm when a floating barrel was mistaken for submarine, but the otherwise uneventful trip concluded at Brest on the afternoon of 27 June. Kroonland opened fire and the fourth shot from her No. The submarine zig-zagged "erratically back and forth until she was directly in the disturbed water" of Kroonland ' s wake.
The transport continued firing until the submarine disappeared, leaving an oil slick which could be seen for at least 15 minutes.
On 26 July, Kroonland , loaded with 3, officers and men, [] departed on her next trip to France. He stated that the soldiers wore overalls rather than uniforms, and were required to wear life jackets at all times. During the early mornings, the most dangerous time for submarines according to Van Kleeck, the soldiers had to stand by their life rafts until the sun was completely up.
Bathing facilities were too small, so several times during the trip the soldiers gathered on deck for salt water baths, which consisted of a hose turned on them by the ship's crew. On 2 August, Finland developed engine trouble and fell back from the convoy, but by the next day, she and a destroyer that stayed with her had rejoined the convoy. Kroonland ' s convoy was escorted by Frederick and Colhoun. On this particular crossing, two of her crewmen were felled by the disease as her convoy reached France on 12 September.
Kroonland arrived in New York on 3 November, [] and was in port when the Armistice was signed on 11 November.
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In total, Kroonland carried 14, troops to France during the five trips of her Navy career. At war's end, the task of bringing home American soldiers began almost immediately. The former liner arrived at the Quarantine Station on 10 December , and docked in New York the next day. One of the men aboard was Captain Walter Camp who had been wounded and gassed in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive ; Camp was the son of the Yale University football coach of the same name. With a Christmas tree in the troops' mess, the newsboys were treated to a dinner and entertainment by the ship's band, and all received presents.
Kroonland arrived at Newport News on 18 February with 2, passengers, including units from the U. Harlow called Kroonland "probably the best vessel on which any units of the brigade returned to America". On 18 April, Kroonland began her next homeward journey, embarking several companies of the th Infantry Regiment of the U. Though the fighting was over, the men still wore life jackets for the first three days at sea amidst fears of striking floating mines. George W. Cooper, historian of the 2nd Battalion of the th Infantry, reported that some of the men had to serve as stokers during the trip because of a "shortage of help".
In the middle of the crossing, the ship "sprung a leak" and took on 10 feet 3. The troops later disembarked at New York on 29 April. Kuhn and some 3, men of his U. The band of the th Engineers gave concerts on deck every evening on the voyage home to entertain the men. Though initially bound for Newport News, Kroonland ' s crew received orders in mid ocean to head instead to New York, where they arrived on 29 May.
Among the passengers was Brigadier General Samuel D. Rockenbach, the founder of the United States Tank Corps. On 21 August, the USSB announced that Kroonland would be released from government service after surveys for repairs had been completed. After arriving at Brest, 1, officers and men boarded Kroonland for New York, where the transport arrived on 10 September. Also on board was Michael Gilhooley, a year-old stowaway making his fourth unsuccessful attempt to sneak into the United States aboard a Navy transport. Fletcher Marine Works yard in Hoboken that outfitted her for first-, second-, and third-class passengers.